What is the Gemcitabine hydrochloride?

Gemcitabine hydrochloride is White crystalline granular, odorless, while it's Molecular Formula is C9H11F2N3O4 . HCl. White crystalline granular, odorless An antineoplastic

What is the CAS number for Gemcitabine hydrochloride?

The CAS number of Gemcitabine hydrochloride is 122111-03-9.

What is Gemcitabine hydrochloride (122111-03-9) used for?

Gemcitabine is a novel nucleoside analog that was launched in 1995 in theNetherlands for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (nsclc) and in Sweden forpancreatic cancer. Gemcitabine is a prodrug which is phosphorylated intracellularly bydeoxycytadine kinase to its active forms, the di- and triphosphates which bind to DNAcompetitively. This insertion inhibits processes required for DNA synthesis andmetabolism, the essential function for both cell replication and repair. Furthermore,gemcitabine displays an extraordinary array of self-potentiating mechanisms thatincrease the concentration and prolong the retention of its active nucleotides in tumorcells. The title compound has shown activity against a wide spectrum of human solidtumors including colon, mammary, breast, bladder cancers. Synergistic activity ofgemcitabine with other anticancer agents such as cisplatin has been reported.InChI:InChI=1/C9H11F2N3O4.ClH/c10-9(11)6(16)4(3-15)18-7(9)14-2-1-5(12)13-8(14)17;/h1-2,4,6-7,15-16H,3H2,(H2,12,13,17);1H

Product Class

122111-03-9

Product Name：Gemcitabine HCl
Molecular Formula：C₉H₁₁F₂N₃O₄^.HCl
Purity：99%
Molecular Weight：299.662

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Product Details:

CasNo： 122111-03-9

Molecular Formula： C₉H₁₁F₂N₃O₄^.HCl

Appearance： White crystalline granular, odorless

Chinese Factory Supply High Purity Gemcitabine HCl 122111-03-9 Lowest Price

Molecular Formula:C9H11F2N3O4^.HCl
Molecular Weight:299.662
Appearance/Colour:White crystalline granular, odorless
Vapor Pressure:2.41E-11mmHg at 25°C
Melting Point:>250 °C dec
Boiling Point:482.7 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point:245.7 °C
PSA：110.60000
Density:==
LogP:0.09460

Gemcitabine HCl (Cas 122111-03-9) Usage

Category	Gemcitabine hydrochloride (GEM HCl) is classified as a chemotherapy drug under the category of antimetabolites.
Definition	Gemcitabine hydrochloride is a difluoro analog of deoxycytidine. It is a nucleoside analog that interferes with DNA synthesis, inhibiting the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. By inhibiting ribonucleotide reductase, it reduces the availability of cellular nucleotides necessary for DNA replication. Gemcitabine is widely used as part of chemotherapy regimens for treating cancers such as non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer.
Properties	Solubility: Soluble in water Practically insoluble in ethanol and other organic solvents Pharmacokinetics: Half-life: Gemcitabine has a short half-life and is rapidly deactivated by cytidine deaminase in the plasma and liver. Metabolism: Undergoes intracellular phosphorylation to active forms (gemcitabine diphosphate and triphosphate), inhibiting DNA replication. Excretion: Primarily excreted through the kidneys.
Uses	Cancer Treatment: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Pancreatic cancer: First-line therapy in advanced stages. Breast cancer: Especially in advanced or metastatic cases. Bladder cancer: As part of combination chemotherapy. Ovarian cancer: Often combined with other drugs like carboplatin. Mechanism of Action: Gemcitabine is an antimetabolite that mimics natural nucleotides. Once incorporated into DNA, it inhibits DNA synthesis, leading to apoptosis (programmed cell death). It also inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, which further depletes the pool of nucleotides available for DNA replication. Hangzhou Huarong Pharm Co., Ltd. established since 2009 , has been always focusing on supplying products and services to our clients in the field of small molecule drug. Huarong Pharm has successfully delivered innovative R&D products and services to more than 3,000 partners across the world. Our goal is to become a world-class leading company to support life science innovation and manufacturing.
Side Effects and Toxicity	Myelosuppression: Gemcitabine can cause significant bone marrow suppression, leading to anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Liver Function: Approximately 66% of patients experience liver enzyme abnormalities, which are usually mild. Renal Toxicity: Some patients may experience proteinuria, hematuria, and, in rare cases, renal failure. Skin Reactions: Approximately 25% of patients develop skin rashes; itching occurs in around 10% of patients. Pulmonary Effects: Less than 1% of patients may experience bronchospasms. Other Side Effects: Hair thinning (but not complete loss) Nausea and vomiting in approximately 33% of patients Fluid retention leading to swelling in the extremities and face Serious side effects: Vision changes, mood alterations, seizures
Biological Activity	Gemcitabine is metabolized into active forms (gemcitabine diphosphate and triphosphate), which inhibit ribonucleotide reductase, depleting cellular nucleotide levels. The triphosphate form is also incorporated into the DNA of cancer cells, causing strand termination, which prevents DNA replication and promotes apoptosis. This mechanism underlies gemcitabine's broad antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo.

InChI:InChI=1/C9H11F2N3O4.ClH/c10-9(11)6(16)4(3-15)18-7(9)14-2-1-5(12)13-8(14)17;/h1-2,4,6-7,15-16H,3H2,(H2,12,13,17);1H

122111-03-9 Relevant articles

Antitumor activity of gemcitabine hydrochloride loaded lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNs): In vitro and in vivo

Tahir Emre Yalcin , Sibel Ilbasmis-Tamer , Sevgi Takka

, International Journal of Pharmaceutics Volume 580 , 30 April 2020, 119246

This study offers GEM loaded LPHNs to prolong its half-life and reduce its side effects and compares the in vivo antitumoral efficacy of our formulation with the commercial product Gemko®. In vivo antitumor effects were observed on nitrosomethylurea-induced mammary tumors in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Cytotoxicities of the LPHNs were evaluated on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells by MTT assays. The comparative pharmacokinetics of Gemko® and GEM loaded LPHNs formulation was also evaluated in rats.

Long circulating polymeric nanoparticles of gemcitabine HCl using PLGA-PEG-PPG-PEG block co-polymer

Ketaki Kale,Aditi Fulfager,Kapil Juvale &Khushwant S. Yadav

, International Journal of Polymeric Materials and Polymeric Biomaterials Volume 73, 2024 - Issue 3

In this study, Gemcitabine (GEM) HCl is loaded in long-circulating polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) using PLGA- PEG-PPG-PEG in combination with succinic anhydride (SA) to overcome issues of rapid metabolism. The optimized batch had size of 230.9 nm, zeta potential of −15.4 mV, and a high entrapment efficiency (EE) of 69.69%.

Degradation Chemistry of Gemcitabine Hydrochloride, a New Antitumor Agent

Sally L. Anliker, Michael S. McClure, Thomas C. Britton, Erwin A. Stephan, Steven R. Maple, Gary G. Cooke

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Volume 83, Issue 5, May 1994, Pages 716-719

Approximately 72% of the initial gemcitabine remains after 4 weeks under the basic conditions used. Uridine hydrolysis products are also formed under these conditions. The anomerization reaction, which is unusual under basic conditions, has been confirmed by characterization of the chromatographically isolated α‐anomer by NMR and mass spectrometry.

122111-03-9 Process route

: 1445381-44-1
(2R,3R,5R)-5-(4-benzamido-2-oxopyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-2-((benzoyloxy)methyl)-4,4-difluorotetrahydrofuran-3-yl benzoate

: 122111-03-9
gemcitabine hydrochloride

Conditions

Conditions	Yield
(2R,3R,5R)-5-(4-benzamido-2-oxopyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-2-((benzoyloxy)methyl)-4,4-difluorotetrahydrofuran-3-yl benzoate; With ammonia; In methanol; at 20 ℃; for 6h; Inert atmosphere; With hydrogenchloride; In water; isopropyl alcohol; at 20 ℃; pH=2; Heating;	90%
With sodium methylate; In methanol; at 20 ℃; for 4h; Reagent/catalyst;	90%
(2R,3R,5R)-5-(4-benzamido-2-oxopyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-2-((benzoyloxy)methyl)-4,4-difluorotetrahydrofuran-3-yl benzoate; With ammonium hydroxide; In methanol; at 20 ℃; for 16h; With hydrogenchloride; In water; isopropyl alcohol; at 20 ℃;	78%

: 3',5'-di-O-benzoyl-β-2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluorocytidine

: 122111-03-9
gemcitabine hydrochloride